:root{--paper:#fff;--ink:#161614;--purple:rgb(120,60,246);--line:rgba(22,22,20,.1);--muted:rgba(22,22,20,.58)}

.iidrr-site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100;width:100%;color:var(--ink);background:rgba(255,255,255,.82);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(135%);backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(135%);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-family:"Newsreader",Georgia,serif;font-optical-sizing:auto}
.iidrr-site-header *{box-sizing:border-box}
.iidrr-site-header a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none!important}

.iidrr-header-inner{width:min(1440px,100%);min-height:74px;margin:0 auto;padding:18px 48px 16px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:48px;align-items:center}

/* LOGO */

.iidrr-header-logo{display:inline-flex;align-items:baseline;white-space:nowrap;font-size:31px;line-height:1;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.018em}
.iidrr-header-logo .colon{margin-right:.025em;color:var(--purple)!important}
.iidrr-header-logo .iidrr{color:var(--ink)}
.iidrr-header-logo .mag{margin-left:7px;font-size:.68em;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.01em}

/* NAVIGATION */

.iidrr-header-nav{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;gap:31px;min-width:0}

.iidrr-header-nav a{position:relative;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;padding:9px 0 8px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:.075em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;transition:color .22s ease}

.iidrr-header-nav a:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;bottom:2px;width:100%;height:1px;background:var(--purple);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:right center;transition:transform .28s cubic-bezier(.22,.61,.36,1)}

.iidrr-header-nav a:hover,.iidrr-header-nav a:hover *{color:var(--purple)!important}
.iidrr-header-nav a:hover:after{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:left center}
.iidrr-header-nav a.active:after{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:left center}
.iidrr-header-nav a.active{color:var(--ink)}
.iidrr-header-nav a .colon{color:var(--purple)!important}

/* SUBSCRIBE */

.iidrr-header-nav .subscribe{gap:6px;color:var(--purple)!important}
.iidrr-header-nav .subscribe .colon{color:var(--purple)!important}

.subscribe-dot{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--purple);opacity:.68;transform:scale(1);transition:opacity .22s ease,transform .22s ease,box-shadow .22s ease}

.iidrr-header-nav .subscribe:hover .subscribe-dot,.iidrr-header-nav .subscribe.active .subscribe-dot{opacity:1;transform:scale(1.18);box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(120,60,246,.3)}

/* GLASS FALLBACK */

@supports not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)) or (backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){
  .iidrr-site-header{background:rgba(255,255,255,.97)}
}

/* TABLET */

@media(max-width:980px){
  .iidrr-header-inner{min-height:auto;padding:17px 24px 14px;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:13px}
  .iidrr-header-nav{justify-content:flex-start;gap:25px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding:2px 0 3px;scrollbar-width:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}
  .iidrr-header-nav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
}

/* MOBILE */

@media(max-width:560px){
  .iidrr-site-header{background:rgba(255,255,255,.88);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px) saturate(125%);backdrop-filter:blur(14px) saturate(125%)}
  .iidrr-header-inner{padding:14px 18px 11px;gap:10px}
  .iidrr-header-logo{font-size:28px}
  .iidrr-header-logo .mag{margin-left:6px}
  .iidrr-header-nav{width:calc(100vw - 36px);gap:23px;padding:3px 0 4px;scroll-snap-type:x proximity}
  .iidrr-header-nav a{flex:0 0 auto;padding:8px 0 7px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.07em;scroll-snap-align:start}
  .iidrr-header-nav .subscribe{padding-right:12px}
  .subscribe-dot{width:5px;height:5px}
}

/* REDUCED MOTION */

@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .iidrr-header-nav a,.iidrr-header-nav a:after,.subscribe-dot{transition:none}
}
/* :iidrr mag — global footer */
.iidrr-global-footer{
  --ink:#161614;
  --muted:rgba(22,22,20,.56);
  --quiet:rgba(22,22,20,.38);
  --purple:rgb(120,60,246);
  --line:rgba(22,22,20,.12);
  width:min(1440px,calc(100% - 32px));
  margin:0 auto 16px;
  color:var(--ink);
  font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
}
.footer-shell{
  padding:18px 28px 14px;
  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.58);
  background:rgba(250,250,248,.76);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(118%);
  backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(118%);
  box-shadow:0 10px 34px rgba(22,22,20,.045);
}
.footer-main{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;
  gap:48px;
  align-items:start;
}
.footer-identity{max-width:470px}
.footer-brand{
  display:inline-flex;
  align-items:baseline;
  color:var(--ink);
  font-family:"Newsreader",Georgia,serif;
  font-size:22px;
  line-height:1;
  letter-spacing:-.02em;
  text-decoration:none;
}
.footer-brand span{color:var(--purple)}
.footer-identity p{
  margin:8px 0 0;
  color:var(--muted);
  font-family:"Newsreader",Georgia,serif;
  font-size:14px;
  line-height:1.35;
  font-style:italic;
}
.footer-links{
  display:flex;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  justify-content:flex-end;
  gap:8px 20px;
}
.footer-links a{
  display:inline-flex;
  align-items:center;
  gap:7px;
  padding:2px 0;
  color:var(--muted);
  font-size:10px;
  line-height:1.25;
  letter-spacing:.075em;
  text-decoration:none;
  text-transform:uppercase;
  transition:color .2s ease;
}
.footer-links a span{
  color:var(--purple);
  transition:transform .2s ease;
}
.footer-links a:hover{color:var(--purple)}
.footer-links a:hover span{transform:translateX(3px)}
.footer-meta{
  display:flex;
  justify-content:space-between;
  gap:20px;
  margin-top:16px;
  padding-top:11px;
  border-top:1px solid var(--line);
  color:var(--quiet);
  font-size:8px;
  line-height:1.3;
  letter-spacing:.08em;
  text-transform:uppercase;
}

@media(max-width:900px){
  .iidrr-global-footer{width:min(100% - 28px,1440px);margin-bottom:14px}
  .footer-shell{padding:17px 22px 13px}
}

@media(max-width:700px){
  .iidrr-global-footer{
    width:calc(100% - 28px);
    margin:0 14px 14px;
  }
  .footer-shell{
    padding:18px 18px 14px;
    border-radius:0;
  }
  .footer-main{
    display:block;
  }
  .footer-identity{max-width:290px}
  .footer-brand{font-size:21px}
  .footer-identity p{
    max-width:260px;
    margin-top:7px;
    font-size:13px;
    line-height:1.4;
  }
  .footer-links{
    display:block;
    margin-top:18px;
  }
  .footer-links a{
    width:max-content;
    margin:0 0 9px;
    font-size:9px;
  }
  .footer-meta{
    display:block;
    margin-top:10px;
    padding-top:10px;
  }
  .footer-meta span{display:block}
  .footer-meta span+span{margin-top:5px}
}

@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .footer-links a,.footer-links a span{transition:none}
}
/* One local MAG reading design; no source manuscript or image changes. */
:root{--paper:#fff;--ink:#161614;--muted:#686864;--purple:rgb(120,60,246);--serif:"Newsreader",Georgia,serif;--sans:"Inter",Arial,sans-serif}
html,body{margin:0;min-width:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink)}
body{font-family:var(--serif);font-optical-sizing:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
.iidrr-site-header{position:relative;border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;background:#fff!important;backdrop-filter:none!important}
.iidrr-header-nav a::after{display:none!important}
.iidrr-global-footer,.footer-shell,.footer-main,.footer-meta{border:0!important;box-shadow:none!important}
.footer-shell{background:transparent!important;backdrop-filter:none!important}
.mag-reader{width:100%;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:64px 52px 100px}
.mag-document{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,660px) minmax(0,1fr);max-width:940px;margin:auto;font:400 19px/1.74 var(--serif);letter-spacing:0}
.mag-document>*{min-width:0;grid-column:2}
.mag-block p{margin:0 0 1.65em}
.mag-block span{font:inherit;color:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit}
.mag-block a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.18em;text-decoration-color:rgba(120,60,246,.4)}
.mag-block a:hover{color:var(--purple)}
.mag-block .mag-em{font-style:italic}.mag-block .mag-strong{font-weight:600}.mag-block .mag-underline{text-decoration:underline}
.mag-title{grid-column:1/-1;margin:0 0 26px}
.mag-title h1{margin:0;font:500 clamp(46px,6.15vw,80px)/1.035 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.018em;text-wrap:balance;overflow-wrap:normal;word-break:normal}
.mag-title-long h1{font-size:clamp(46px,5vw,64px);line-height:1.06}
.mag-title-split [data-title-part="primary"]{display:block}
.mag-title-split [data-title-part="subtitle"]{display:block;margin-top:18px;font:400 clamp(40px,3.4vw,44px)/1.16 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.012em}
.mag-title-split br{display:none}
.mag-lens,.mag-date,.mag-byline{font:400 12px/1.55 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}
.mag-lens{font-weight:500;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.085em;color:var(--purple)}
.mag-lens p,.mag-date p{margin:0 0 8px}.mag-date{margin-bottom:26px}
.mag-byline p{margin:0 0 8px}.mag-byline{margin-bottom:8px}
.mag-pullquote{margin:0 0 28px;font:400 25px/1.48 var(--serif)}
.mag-pullquote h2{margin:0;font:inherit;letter-spacing:-.005em}
.mag-body{margin-top:6px}.mag-body:last-of-type{margin-bottom:24px}
.mag-caption{grid-column:1/-1;font:400 12px/1.65 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:-30px 0 40px}
.mag-caption p{margin:0 0 .45em}
.mag-caption .mag-empty-paragraph{margin:0;line-height:.5}
.mag-block .mag-empty-paragraph{margin-bottom:.45em;line-height:.8}
.mag-figure{grid-column:1/-1;display:block;margin:26px 0 48px;padding:0;border:0;min-width:0}
.mag-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;object-fit:contain;background:transparent;border:0;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;filter:none}
.mag-figure a{display:block}
section.mag-related{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px;margin:64px 0 32px;padding-top:0;border:0}
.mag-related-card{min-width:0}
.mag-related-card .mag-figure{margin:0 0 18px}
.mag-related-card .mag-block{font:400 13px/1.65 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}
.mag-related-card .mag-block p{margin:0 0 .35em}
.mag-related-card .mag-empty-paragraph{line-height:.4;margin:0}
.mag-related-card .mag-block:first-of-type{color:var(--ink);font-size:15px}
.mag-brand{grid-column:1/-1;width:180px;max-width:180px;margin:32px auto 10px}
.mag-context-exits{max-width:660px;margin:50px auto 0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 28px;font:400 12px/1.6 var(--sans)}
.mag-context-exits a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.mag-context-exits a:hover{color:var(--purple)}
.mag-document a:focus-visible,.mag-context-exits a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--purple);outline-offset:4px}
@media(max-width:1024px){.mag-reader{padding:48px 32px 88px}}
@media(max-width:700px){.mag-reader{padding:40px 24px 72px}.mag-document{display:block;font-size:17px;line-height:1.77}.mag-title h1{font-size:42px;line-height:1.075;letter-spacing:-.014em}.mag-title{margin-bottom:24px}.mag-title-split [data-title-part="subtitle"]{font-size:29px;line-height:1.16;margin-top:14px}.mag-pullquote{font-size:22px;line-height:1.5}.mag-figure{margin:24px 0 42px}.mag-caption{font-size:11px;margin:-24px 0 34px}section.mag-related{display:block;margin-top:48px}.mag-related-card{margin-bottom:34px}.mag-related-card .mag-figure{margin-bottom:16px}.mag-brand{margin-top:24px}}
@media(max-width:700px){.iidrr-header-inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.iidrr-header-nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px 20px;width:100%;max-width:100%;overflow:visible;scroll-snap-type:none;padding:0;justify-content:stretch;align-items:start}.iidrr-header-nav br{display:none}.iidrr-header-nav a,.iidrr-header-nav .subscribe{justify-content:flex-start;min-width:0;padding:0;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.5;scroll-snap-align:none}}
@media(max-width:389px){.mag-reader{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}}
@media(max-width:339px){.mag-reader{padding-left:18px;padding-right:18px}.mag-title h1{font-size:37px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}

/* Distortion reading flow. Author text and artwork remain immutable. */
.mag-reader{--reading-gutter:52px;width:100%;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:64px var(--reading-gutter) 100px;background:#fff;color:#161614}
.mag-document{display:block;max-width:660px;margin:0 auto;font:400 19px/1.74 "Newsreader",Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:0;overflow-wrap:break-word}
.mag-source-layout{display:contents}
.mag-source-text{font:inherit;color:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit}
.mag-source-space{white-space:normal}
.mag-document .mag-title{display:block;width:min(940px,calc(100vw - var(--reading-gutter) - var(--reading-gutter)));max-width:none;margin:0 calc((100% - min(940px,calc(100vw - var(--reading-gutter) - var(--reading-gutter)))) / 2) 28px;font:500 clamp(46px,6.15vw,80px)/1.055 "Newsreader",Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:-.018em;text-wrap:balance}
.mag-document .mag-title-long{font-size:clamp(46px,5vw,64px)}
.mag-document .mag-title b,.mag-document .mag-title strong{font-weight:inherit}
.mag-document .mag-section-heading{display:block;margin:34px 0 18px;font:400 29px/1.24 "Newsreader",Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:-.012em;text-wrap:pretty}
.mag-document .mag-empty-heading{display:contents}
.mag-document .mag-metadata,.mag-document .mag-source-caption{display:block;margin:12px 0 24px;font:400 12px/1.65 "Inter",Arial,sans-serif;color:#686864;letter-spacing:0}
.mag-document .mag-issue-label{letter-spacing:.06em;color:rgb(120,60,246)}
.mag-document .mag-figure{display:block;grid-column:auto;position:static;transform:none;width:min(940px,calc(100vw - var(--reading-gutter) - var(--reading-gutter)));max-width:none;margin:30px calc((100% - min(940px,calc(100vw - var(--reading-gutter) - var(--reading-gutter)))) / 2) 38px;padding:0;border:0;background:transparent}
.mag-document .mag-figure img{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain;object-position:center;filter:none;border:0;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0}
.mag-document b,.mag-document strong{font-weight:600}.mag-document i,.mag-document em{font-style:italic}
.mag-document a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.18em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
.mag-document a:hover{color:rgb(120,60,246)}
.mag-source-layout-break{display:none}
.mag-context-exits{max-width:660px;margin:54px auto 0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 28px;font:400 12px/1.6 "Inter",Arial,sans-serif}
.mag-context-exits a{color:#686864;text-decoration:none}.mag-context-exits a:hover{color:rgb(120,60,246)}
@media(max-width:1024px){.mag-reader{--reading-gutter:32px;padding:48px var(--reading-gutter) 88px}}
@media(max-width:700px){.mag-reader{--reading-gutter:24px;padding:40px var(--reading-gutter) 72px}.mag-document{font-size:17px;line-height:1.77}.mag-document .mag-title,.mag-document .mag-title-long{font-size:42px;line-height:1.075;letter-spacing:-.014em;margin-bottom:24px}.mag-document .mag-section-heading{font-size:25px;line-height:1.27;margin-top:30px}.mag-document .mag-metadata,.mag-document .mag-source-caption{font-size:11px;line-height:1.65}.mag-document .mag-figure{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:32px}}
@media(max-width:389px){.mag-reader{--reading-gutter:20px}}
@media(max-width:339px){.mag-reader{--reading-gutter:18px}.mag-document .mag-title,.mag-document .mag-title-long{font-size:37px}}